Three-component varifocal objective

ABSTRACT

A varifocal objective has an axially shiftable positive front component, an axially shiftable negative intermediate component, and a fixed positive rear component or basic lens group. The latter component consists of five closely spaced lens members, all but the second of them singlets and all but the third of them positively refracting. The intermediate component is separated from the rear component by a diaphragm space which in a position of close approach of these components, corresponding to maximum focal length, is still substantially greater than any air space between the lens members of the rear component. With a varifocal ratio close to 3:1, the distance between the front and rear components is the same in the positions of maximum and minimum focal lengths.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Our present invention relates to an optical objective of the varifocal or zoom type, especially as used in motion-picture cameras such as those designed for the Super-8 film format.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,283 there has been disclosed a zoom objective comprising an afocal forward lens unit with variable magnification and a main lens unit of fixed focal length, the two units being separated by an intervening diaphragm space. The forward lens unit consists of an axially shiftable front component (I) of positive refractivity, an axially shiftable intermediate component (II) of negative refractivity and an axially fixed positive component (III) in the form of a single lens. Within a zoom range having a varifocal ratio of about 3:1 between the miximum overall focal length f_(max) and the minimum overall focal length f_(min), the intermediate component is displaced between a limiting position near the front component at the upper end of the range (f_(max)) and another limiting position close to the fixed positive lens (III) at the lower end of the range (f_(min)), the distance of this movable component from the fixed positive lens of the forward unit in the latter position being considerably less than the length of the diaphragm space separating the fixed positive lens from the main lens unit (IV). At the limits of the zoom range, the distance of the front component (I) from the fixed positive lens (III) is the same.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of our present invention is to provide a more compact varifocal objective of the general type disclosed in the above-identified patent with substantial preservation of the optical qualities of the objective described therein.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION.

A varifocal objective according to our present invention differs from that of the prior patent in that a fixed positive lens (L₇) is added as a fifth lens member to the four closely spaced lens members of the main lens unit or basic lens group of the prior system, with elimination of the fixed positive component of the forward lens unit ahead of the diaphragm space. Thus, the present objective consists of an axially shiftable positively refracting front component I, an axially shiftable negatively refracting intermediate component II, and an axially fixed positively refracting rear component III constituted by five closely air-spaced lens members, namely a positive first lens member (L₇), a positive second lens member (L₈, L₉), a negative third lens member (L₁₀), a positive fourth lens member (L₁₁) and a positive fifth lens member (L₁₂), the spacing of the intermediate component from the rear component in its position of maximum overal focal length (f_(max)) substantially exceeding any air space between the lens members of the rear component. This allows a diaphragm to be accommodated in the space between the movable intermediate component II and the fixed rear component III, with reduction of the forward lens group to two independently shiftable components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The above and other fearures of our invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing the sole FIGURE of which illustrates, schematically, a three-component varifocal objective embodying the invention.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION

The varifocal or zoom objective shown in the drawing consists of a positively refracting front component I, a negatively refracting intermediate component II and a positively refracting rear component III, components I and II being axially shiftable whereas component III is fixed. A diaphragm D is interposed between components II and III.

Front component I consists of three lenses L₁, L₂, L₃ separated by air spaces s₁ and s₂. Lens L₁ is a forwardly convex negative meniscus whereas lenses L₂ and L₃ are biconvex; the latter lens, however, may be described as substantially planoconvex since its rear surface is almost flat as will be apparent from the numerical values given below. Component II, separated by a variable air space s₃ from component I, consists of a substantially planoconcave lens L₄ with rearwardly facing concavity and a compound member, separated from lens L₄ by an air space s₄, which is composed of a biconcave lens L₅ cemented onto a positive meniscus L₆. The first lens member of rear component III, closest to the diaphragm space s₅, is a biconvex lens L₇ and is separated by a small air space s₆ from a compound member consisting of a biconvex lens L₈ cemented onto a biconcave lens L₉ ; a biconcave lens L₁₀, constituting the only negative member of the rear component III, is separated by air spaces s.sub. and s₈ from lens L₉ and from an adjoining biconvex lens L₁₁, followed after another air space s₉ by the fifth and last lens member in the form of a substantially planconvex lens L₁₂ with forwardly facing convexity.

In the following Table 1 we have given representative numerical values for the radii of curvature r₁ - r₂₂, the axial thicknesses d₁ - d₁₂ and the axial separations s₁ - s₉ of lenses L₁ - L₁₂, based upon a value of unity (e.g. 1 mm) for an intermediate focal length f_(med) of the varifocal objective, along with their refractive indices n_(d) and their Abbe numbers ν_(d). This objective has a relative aperture of 1:1.2 and an image diagonal of 0.54; its overall focal length at the limits of the zoom range is f_(min) = 0.594 and f_(max) = 1.683.

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________                  Thicknesses       η.sub.d                                                                         ν.sub.d                                 Lenses                                                                             Radii    and Separations                                                   __________________________________________________________________________         r.sub.1 = +8.706                                                           L.sub.1           d.sub.1 = 0.15                                                                              1.805                                                                               25.4                                           r.sub.2 = +2.628                                                                             s.sub.1 = 0.21                                                   r.sub.3 = +3.408                                                           L.sub.2           d.sub.2 = 0.43                                                                              1.603                                                                               60.6                                           r.sub.4 = -18.304                                                                            s.sub.2 = 0.01                                                   r.sub.5 = +2.278                                                           L.sub.3           d.sub.3 = 0.52                                                                              1.658                                                                               50.9                                           r.sub.6 = -130.310                                                                            0.05 f.sub.min                                                           s.sub.3 =                                                                            0.78 f.sub.med                                                                 1.21 f.sub.max                                                  r.sub.7 = +40.501                                                          L.sub.4           d.sub.4 = 0.08                                                                              1.713                                                                               53.8                                           r.sub.8 = +0.999                                                                             s.sub.4 = 0.24                                                   r.sub.9 = -3.780                                                           L.sub.5           d.sub.5 = 0.08                                                                              1.641                                                                               60.1                                           r.sub.10 = +1.170                                                          L.sub.6           d.sub.6 = 0.21                                                                              1.847                                                                               23.8                                           r.sub.11 = +4.173                                                                             2.06 f.sub.min                                                           s.sub.5 =                                                                            1.63 f.sub.med                                                                 0.90 f.sub.max                                                  r.sub.12 = +2.794                                                          L.sub.7           d.sub.7 = 0.21                                                                              1.717                                                                               48.0                                           r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                            s.sub.6 = 0.01                                                   r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                          L.sub.8           d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                              1.657                                                                               36.7                                           r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                          L.sub.9           d.sub.9 = 0.17                                                                              1.805                                                                               25.4                                           r.sub.16 = +2.066                                                                            s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                   r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                          L.sub.10          d.sub.10 = 0.19                                                                             1.847                                                                               23.8                                           r.sub.18 =  +1.030                                                                           s.sub.8 = 0.15                                                   r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                          L.sub.11          d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                             1.713                                                                               53.8                                           r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                            s.sub.9 = 0.01                                                   r.sub.21 = +0.946                                                          L.sub.12          d.sub.12 = 0.23                                                                             1.641                                                                               60.1                                           r.sub.22 = -380.504                                                        __________________________________________________________________________

From the foregoing values the individual focal lengths of lens members L₇, L₈ +L₉, L₁₀, L₁₁ and L₁₂ of rear component III, whose focal length equals 1.23, can be calculated as follows:

    f.sub.7 = +2.24

    f.sub.8,9 = +3.25

    f.sub.10 = -0.80

    f.sub.11 = +1.23

    f.sub.12 = +1.47

From Table 1 it will also be noted that the sum s₃ + s₅ has the same value in the limiting positions of f_(min) and f_(max), which means that the separation between components I and III in these limiting positions is the same.

The calculation further shows that the focal lengths f_(I) and f_(II) of the axially shiftable components are +3.20 and -1.06, respectively.

Table 2 shows an alternate set of parameters for the fixed lenses L₇ - L₁₂. In this instance, the component III has the focal length f_(III) = 1.17.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                                            Thicknesses                                                 Lenses                                                                               Radii        and Separations                                                                             η.sub.d                                                                          ν.sub.d                               ______________________________________                                               r.sub.12 = +2.794                                                        L.sub.7            d.sub.7 = 0,21                                                                              1.717 48.0                                           r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                           s.sub.6 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                        L.sub.8            d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                              1.657 36.7                                           r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                        L.sub.9            d.sub.9 = 0.04                                                                              1.805 25.4                                           r.sub.16 = +3.800                                                                           s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                    r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                        L.sub.10           d.sub.10 = 0.19                                                                             1.847 23.8                                           r.sub.18 = +1.030                                                                           s.sub.8 = 0.15                                                    r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                        L.sub.11           d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                             1.713 53.8                                           r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                           s.sub.9 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.21 = +1.153                                                        L.sub.12           d.sub.12 = 0.23                                                                             1.641 60.1                                           r.sub.22 = +42.916                                                       ______________________________________                                    

The individual focal lengths of the fixed lens members calculated from the numerical values of this second Example are as follows:

    f.sub.7 = +2.24

    f.sub.8,9 = +2.30

    f.sub.10 = +0.80

    f.sub.11 = +1.23

    f.sub.12 = +1.85

A third example for a rear component forming part of a varifocal objective according to our invention, with f_(III) = 1.48, is as follows:

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                                            Thicknesses                                                 Lenses                                                                               Radii        and Separations                                                                             η.sub.d                                                                          ν.sub.d                               ______________________________________                                               r.sub.12 = +4.180                                                        L.sub.7            d.sub.7 = 0.21                                                                              1.717 48.0                                           r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                           s.sub.6 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                        L.sub.8            d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                              1.657 36.7                                           r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                        L.sub.9            d.sub.9 = 0.17                                                                              1.805 25.4                                           r.sub.16 = +2.066                                                                           s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                    r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                        L.sub.10           d.sub.10 = 0.76                                                                             1.847 23.8                                           r.sub.18 = +1.064                                                                           s.sub.8 = 0.15                                                    r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                        L.sub.11           d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                             1.713 53.8                                           r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                           s.sub.9 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.21 = +0.922                                                        L.sub.12           d.sub.12 = 0.23                                                                             1.658 57.3                                           r.sub.22 = -12.883                                                       ______________________________________                                    

Calculations based on these latter parameters show the individual focal lengths of the lens members of component III to have the following values:

    f.sub.7 = +2.75

    f.sub.8,9 = +3.25

    f.sub.10 = -0.76

    f.sub.11 = +1.23

    f.sub.12 = +1.32

From the foregoing examples it will also be seen that the refractive indices of all positive lenses (L₇, L₈, L₁₁ and L₁₂) of component III are less than 1.72 and that the shortest radius of curvature of any lens in that component, specifically radius r₂₁ in Table 3, is greater than 0.6f_(III). 

What is claimed is:
 1. A varifocal objective consisting of:an axially shiftable positively refracting front component; an axially shiftable negative refracting intermediate component; and an axially fixed positively refracting rear component constituted by five closely air-spaced lens members, namely a positive first lens member, a positive second lens member, a negative third lens member, a positive fourth lens member and a positive fifth lens member, the spacing of said intermediate component from said rear component in a position of maximum overall focal length substantially exceeding any air space between said lens members while being substantially smaller than in a position of minimum overall focal length, said front component consisting of a forwardly convex negative meniscus L₁ followed by a biconvex lens L₂ and a substantially planoconvex lens L₃ with forwardly facing convexity, said second component consisting of a substantially planoconcave lens L₄ rearwardly facing concavity followed by a biconcave lens L₅ cemented onto a positive meniscus L₆, said first lens member of said rear component being a biconvex lens L₇, said second lens member consisting of a biconvex lens L₈ cemented to a biconcave lens L₉, said third lens member being a biconcave lens L₁₀, said fourth lens member being a biconvex lens L₁₁, and said fifth member being a substantially planoconvex lens L₁₂ with forwardly facing convexity.
 2. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1, further comprising diaphragm means in the space between said intermediate and rear components.
 3. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1 wherein the separation between said front and rear components is substantially the same in said position of maximum overall focal length and in said position of minimum overall focal length.
 4. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 3 wherein the ratio of said maximum and minimum overall focal lengths is close to 3:1.
 5. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1 wherein said lenses L₇, L₈, L₁₁ and L₁₂ have refractive indices less than 1.72.
 6. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1 wherein said first component has a focal length of +3.20 and said second component has a focal length of -1.06.
 7. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 6 wherein the separation of said front component from said rear component is substantially the same in said positions of maximum overall focal length f_(max) and of minimum overall focal length f_(min) and is larger in a position of intermediate overall focal length f_(med).
 8. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 7 wherein the numerical values of the radii of curvature r₁ - r₁₁, the axial thicknesses d₁ - d₆ and the axial separations s₁ - s₄ of said lenses L₁ - L₆, based upon said value of unity for said intermediate overall focal length f_(med), their refractive indices n_(d) and their Abbe numbers ν_(d) are substantially as given in the following table:

                     Thicknesses                                                   Lenses                                                                               Radii      and Separations η.sub.d                                                                          ν.sub.d                              ______________________________________                                               r.sub.1 = +8.706                                                         L.sub.1                 d.sub.1 = 0.15                                                                            1.805 25.4                                        r.sub.2 = +2.628                                                                                 s.sub.1 = 0.21                                               r.sub.3 = +3.408                                                         L.sub.2                 d.sub.2 = 0.43                                                                            1.603 60.6                                        r.sub.4 = -18.304                                                                                s.sub.2 = 0.01                                               r.sub.5 = +2.278                                                         L.sub.3                 d.sub.3 = 0.52                                                                            1.658 50.9                                        r.sub.6 = -130.310                                                                               {0.05 {f.sub.min }                                                      s.sub.3 =                                                                             {0.78 {f.sub.med }                                                             {1.21 {f.sub.max }                                           r.sub.7 = +40.501                                                        L.sub.4                 d.sub.4 = 0.08                                                                            1.713 53.8                                        r.sub.8 = +0.999                                                                                 s.sub. 4 = 0.24                                              r.sub.9 = -3.780                                                         L.sub.5                 d.sub.5 = 0.08                                                                            1.641 60.1                                        r.sub.10 = +1.170                                                        L.sub.6                 d.sub.6 = 0.21                                                                            1.847 23.8                                        r.sub.11 = +4.173.                                                       ______________________________________                                    


9. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 8 wherein the numerical values of the axial separation s₅ of said intermediate and rear components, the radii r₁₂ - r₂₂ of said lenses L₇ - L₁₂, the axial thicknesses d₇ - d₁₂ and axial separations s₆ - s₉ thereof, their refractive indices n_(d) and their Abbe numbers ν_(d) are substantially as given in the following table:

                      Thicknesses                                                  Lenses                                                                               Radii       and Separations η.sub.d                                                                          ν.sub.d                             ______________________________________                                                                  {2.06 {f.sub.min }                                                      s.sub.5 =                                                                             {1.63 {f.sub.med }                                                             {0.90 {f.sub.max }                                          r.sub.12 = +2.794                                                        L.sub.7                  d.sub.7 = 0.21                                                                            1.717 48.0                                       r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                                 s.sub.6 = 0.01                                              r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                        L.sub.8                  d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                            1.637 36.7                                       r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                        L.sub.9                  d.sub.9 = 0.17                                                                            1.805 25.4                                       r.sub.16 = +2.006                                                                          s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                     r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                        L.sub.10                 d.sub.10 = 0.19                                                                           1.847 23.8                                       r.sub.18 = +1.030                                                                                 s.sub.8 = 0.15                                              r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                        L.sub.11                 d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                           1.713 53.8                                       r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                                 s.sub.9 = 0.01                                              r.sub.21 = +0.946                                                        L.sub.12                 d.sub.12 = 0.23                                                                           1.641 60.1                                       r.sub.22 = -380.540.                                                     ______________________________________                                    


10. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 2 wherein said first, second, third, fourth and fifth lens members have individual focal lengths substantially equal to +2.24, +3.25, -0.80, +1.23 and 1.47, respectively.
 11. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 10 wherein the numerical values of the radii of curvature r₁₂ - r₂₂, the axial thicknesses d₇ - d₁₂ and the axial separations s₆ - s₉ of said lenses L₇ - L₁₂, based upon said value of unity for said intermediate overall focal length f_(med), their refractive indices n_(d) and their Abbe numbers ν_(d) are substantially as given in the following table:

                       Thicknesses                                                 Lenses                                                                               Radii        and Separations                                                                             η.sub.d                                                                           ν.sub.d                              ______________________________________                                               r.sub.12 = +2.794                                                        L.sub.7            d.sub.7 = 0.21                                                                              1.717  48.0                                          r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                           s.sub.6 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                        L.sub.8            d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                              1.657  36.7                                          r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                        L.sub.9            d.sub.9 = 0.17                                                                              1.805  25.4                                          r.sub.16 = +2.066                                                                           s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                    r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                        L.sub.10           d.sub.10 = 0.19                                                                             1.847  23.8                                          r.sub.18 = +1.030                                                                           s.sub.8 = 0.15                                                    r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                        L.sub.11           d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                             1.713  53.8                                          r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                           s.sub.9 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.21 = +0.946                                                        L.sub.12           d.sub.12 = 0.23                                                                             1.641  60.1                                          r.sub.22 = -380.504.                                                     ______________________________________                                    


12. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1 wherein said first, second, third, fourth and fifth lens members have individual focal lengths substantially equal to +2.24, +2.30, -0.80, +1.23 and +1.85, respectively.
 13. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 12 wherein the numerical values of the radii of curvature r₁₂ - r₂₂, the axial thicknesses d₇ - d₁₂ and the axial separations s₆ - s₉ of said lenses L₇ - L₁₂, based upon said value of unity for said intermediate overall focal length f_(med), their refractive indices n_(d) and their Abbe numbers ν_(d) are substantially as given in the following table:

                       Thicknesses                                                 Lenses                                                                               Radii        and Separations                                                                             η.sub.d                                                                           ν.sub.d                              ______________________________________                                               r.sub.12 = +2.794                                                        L.sub.7            d.sub.7 = 0.21                                                                              1.717  48.0                                          r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                           s.sub.6 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                        L.sub.8            d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                              1.657  36.7                                          r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                        L.sub.9            d.sub.9 = 0.04                                                                              1.805  25.4                                          r.sub.16 = +3.800                                                                           s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                    r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                        L.sub.10           d.sub.10 = 0.19                                                                             1,847  23.8                                          r.sub.18 = +1.030                                                                           s.sub.8 = 0.15                                                    r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                        L.sub.11           d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                             1.713  53.8                                          r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                           s.sub.9 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.21 = +1.153                                                        L.sub.12           d.sub. 12 = 0.23                                                                            1.641  60.1                                          r.sub.22 = +42.916.                                                      ______________________________________                                    


14. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1 wherein said first, second, third, fourth and fifth lens members have individual focal lengths substantially equal to +2.75, +3.25, -0.76, +1.23 and +1.32, respectively.
 15. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 14 wherein the numerical values of the radii of curvature r₁₂ - r₂₂, the axial thicknesses d₇ - d₁₂ and the axial separations s₆ - s₉ of said lenses L₇ - L₁₂, based upon said value of unity for said intermediate overall focal length f_(med), their refractive indices n_(d) and their Abbe numbers ν_(d) are substantially as given in the following table:

                       Thicknesses                                                 Lenses                                                                               Radii        and Separations                                                                             η.sub.d                                                                           ν.sub.d                              ______________________________________                                               r.sub.12 = +4.180                                                        L.sub.7            d.sub.7 = 0.21                                                                              1.717  48.0                                          r.sub.13 = -3.655                                                                           s.sub.6 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.14 = +0.955                                                        L.sub.8            d.sub.8 = 0.42                                                                              1.657  36.7                                          r.sub.15 = -1.513                                                        L.sub.9            d.sub.9 = 0.17                                                                              1.805  25.4                                          r.sub.16 = +2.066                                                                           s.sub.7 = 0.08                                                    r.sub.17 = -2.166                                                        L.sub.10           d.sub.10 = 0.76                                                                             1.847  23.8                                          r.sub.18 = +1.064                                                                           s.sub.8 = 0.15                                                    r.sub.19 = +5.136                                                        L.sub.11           d.sub.11 = 0.23                                                                             1.713  53.8                                          r.sub.20 = -1.036                                                                           s.sub.9 = 0.01                                                    r.sub.21 = +0.922                                                        L.sub.12           d.sub.12 = 0.23                                                                             1.658  57.3                                          r.sub.22 = -12.833.                                                      ______________________________________                                    


16. A varifocal objective as defined in claim 1 wherein the individual focal lengths f₇, f₈,9, f₁₀, f₁₁ and f₁₂ of said first, second, third, fourth and fifth members bear the relationship f₈,9 > f₇ > f₁₂ > f₁₁ > |f₁₀ |. 